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Site visits

The purpose of a site visit

1. Whilst a site visit may be helpful, it is not always essential because the description of the scene given by the investigating inspector or other witnesses will usually be supported by photographs which can be used in court. The expert can base their report on this evidence.

2. A site visit by an expert may be appropriate in order to examine the scene of an incident (where the condition of the site, or something at the site, is in issue), remove samples, take photographs or assess whether any further tests need to be undertaken. This should be agreed with the person managing the investigation. The expert should bear in mind that if they carry out a site inspection, they may be called upon at trial to give evidence of fact as well as their expert opinion. This might affect the [procedure in court[166]].

3. A list of matters to be dealt with on the site visit should be made in advance, all necessary equipment obtained and any required procedures agreed. At the workplace, all relevant matters should be noted, such as weather conditions, position of plant and equipment, measurements etc.

4. Where a complex, technical investigation on site could recover evidence that would provide the basis of an expert's report (in the event that one is required), a specialist could form part of the investigation team. However, whether they should then give evidence as the expert in any subsequent prosecution would need to be considered before any expert report is prepared. Experts should generally maintain a professional distance from the investigation so as to preserve (and be able to demonstrate) their objectivity and independence, but the ultimate decision as to the role of those attending site remains with the person managing the investigation.

5. Similar considerations will apply to the examination of a machine or other product on site for the purpose of a section 6 HSWA investigation. In gathering evidence from a supplier, it is permissible for an expert to visit the supplier on site, look at the machinery, see it in operation and ask questions about its operation and the guidance that is given. Having obtained that information, it is desirable that someone else gathers any further information and takes any statements, so as to avoid the expert becoming involved too closely in the ongoing investigation.

Samples

6. Section 20(2)(i) HSWA empowers an inspector to take possession of any article or substance found in any premises which appears to have caused, or to be likely to cause, danger to health or safety. Section 20(2)(g) enables an inspector to take samples of articles or substances and to take atmospheric samples.

7. If Specialist equipment is used for measuring samples it, should have a certificate of calibration 1.

8. Each item must be uniquely identified by a label and recorded. Suitable containers, packing, labels and seals should be used. The labels should state the premises of origin, a description of the sample, a number if there is more than one sample, the date, and your name and title.

9. When the sample has been taken, the potential defendant should, where practicable, be given part of the sample or otherwise informed that a prosecution may follow and invited to take their own sample.

10. If an item has to be irreversibly altered to obtain a sample or to allow a test to be made, both the person in charge of the investigation and the person who took possession of the article should be informed before the sampling or testing is undertaken.

11. If prosecution is a possibility, the investigating inspector should contact any potential defendants before the item is tested or irreversibly altered to give them an opportunity to be present at such tests. This ensures fairness in this element of the investigation and will also assist in preserving the continuity of evidence (see The chain of evidence below). Furthermore, persons who have any responsibility in relation to premises being investigated also have the right - at their request - to be present when any relevant article or substance is being examined, tested or analysed 2.

12. However, where an item is to be tested, the investigating inspector should, in each case, balance the need for fairness and continuity of evidence with the need to ensure that the presence of observers will not impede or inhibit the test. It may be appropriate, for example, to:

  • Limit the numbers of those attending;
  • Inform those attending how the test will be conducted and clarify their role as observers only to avoid confusion or dispute on the day;
  • Seek agreement in advance to appropriate rules of attendance, such as restrictions on photography/video, or safety rules.

13. So far as possible, enough of the item should be retained to allow further independent tests if necessary. If this is not possible, all practicable steps should be taken to ensure that the results can be proved in court; for example, by videoing or photographing the test and retaining all notes and records of results. These matters should be noted in the expert/specialist's notebook and included in their statement and/or report.

The chain of evidence

14. It is vital in all cases that real evidence (ie material objects) is preserved and the defence allowed to inspect it 3. If a test may destroy the evidence, the defence should be given an opportunity to attend the test 4 (see above).

15. There should be an unbroken chain of evidence accounting for the safe-keeping and treatment of each piece of real evidence (including samples) from the moment it is collected or created, through all inspections and tests, to trial. A laboratory statement should indicate the labelling on samples as received, which must be sufficiently detailed to identify the sample uniquely. The statement from the laboratory can then tie in with a corresponding statement from the person who packed, labelled and dispatched the sample.

16. Any real evidence should normally be taken to court for trial. It will still be possible to give evidence if it is not, provided there is admissible evidence to show that it has been properly dealt with 5. The defence may seek production of the evidence at court by issuing a witness summons to require a person to attend and produce it. The defence may also apply to the court for an order permitting tests to be carried out. See also the section [Preparing evidence for court[167]] for guidance on the continuity of evidence.

Analysis and tests

17. In general, where tests are carried out in a laboratory (eg HSL) or by other scientific means, an expert may give evidence of such work carried out by persons under their control or supervision 6. It is always open to the courts to be dissatisfied as to the arrangements in any particular case.

18. If an expert attends court, they should be able to understand and carry out those parts of the analysis that were performed by every person under their supervision. They should be in a position to vouch for the propriety of the procedure and to support the results which follow from it. If they are not in a position to do so, any person who actually carried out a test or analysis should also be called to give evidence. The expert may not tell the court what that second person told them simply because they are both experts 7 (if, indeed, that second person is an expert rather than only a witness of fact).

19. Evidence of results which are dictated to an expert may usually only be given by them if they observed the result. They should therefore see the note of results and sign it in order to refresh their memory from it in court if necessary 8.

20. There are provisions for expert evidence to be admitted in evidence in summary form with the agreement of the defence. A party who wants another party to admit as fact a summary of an expert's conclusions must serve the summary on the court and the other party for response as soon as practicable after a not guilty plea. 9.

21. A party who wants to introduce expert evidence otherwise than as admitted fact must serve a copy of the report on the court and the other party. A defendant may request a copy of, or a reasonable opportunity to inspect, "a record of any examination, measurement, test or experiment on which the expert's findings and opinion are based, or that were carried out in the course of reaching those findings and opinion and anything on which any such examination, measurement, test or experiment was carried out 10.


Footnotes

  1. As regards maintenance and calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments, you should be aware that the Non-automatic Weighing Instruments Regulations 2000 (SI 2000 No. 3236) may apply to any such weighing equipment that you use to determine mass for the purposes of any tests you need to carry out and which may form part of an expert report for use in court. Failure to ensure that such instruments are properly maintained, calibrated and adjusted may lead to the reliability of the tests being questioned in court and the validity of the result undermined. Back to reference of footnote 1
  2. HSWA 1974, s.20(4). Although this right does not extend to Trade Unions, it is good practice not to exclude them if they wish to be present. A person who has a right to be present does not have a right to be represented at the test, but such requests should normally be granted. Back to reference of footnote 2
  3. The court cannot refuse a defendant's application for an adjournment to obtain expert evidence on the basis that expert evidence already exists as part of the prosecution case: R v Sunderland Justices, ex parte Dryden [1994] TLR 280, 18 May 1994. Back to reference of footnote 3
  4. DPP v BT plc [1991] Crim. LR 532. Even if the evidence is destroyed before examination by a defence expert, this would not automatically lead to exclusion of prosecution expert evidence under PACE 1984, S.78. Back to reference of footnote 4
  5. R v Orrell [1972] Crim LR 313: a urine sample. Back to reference of footnote 5
  6. Stone & Sons v Pugh [1948] 2 All ER 818; R v Kershberg [1976] RTR 526; English Exporters (UK) Ltd v Eldonwall Ltd [1973] Ch 415 at 420 F. Back to reference of footnote 6
  7. R v Abadom [1983] 1 WLR 126 at 131. Back to reference of footnote 7
  8. McLean [1968] 52 Crim. App. R. 80: evidence of a car number. In certain circumstances, a person giving oral evidence may refresh their memory from a document made or verified by them at an earlier time (Criminal Justice Act 2003, s.139) – see 'Memory refreshing' in 'Exceptions to the hearsay rule'. Back to reference of footnote 8
  9. Criminal Procedure Rules, Rule 19.3 (1). Back to reference of footnote 9
  10. Criminal Procedure Rules, Rule 19.3 (3)(d). Back to reference of footnote 10

Link URLs in this page

  1. Enforcementhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/index.htm
  2. Enforcement guidehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/index.htm
  3. Introductionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/intro.htm
  4. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/index.htm
  5. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/witness-intro.htm
  6. Order of collecting evidencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/witness-order.htm
  7. Witness statementshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/witness-witness.htm
  8. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/witness-questioning.htm
  9. Admissibility of confessionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/witness-admissibility.htm
  10. Inferences from silencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/witness-inferences.htm
  11. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/physical-intro.htm
  12. Evidence that may assist your investigationhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/physical-evidence.htm
  13. Obtaining evidence using section 20 powershttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/physical-obtaining.htm
  14. Preparing evidence for courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/physical-preparing.htm
  15. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/expert-intro.htm
  16. The experthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/expert-role.htm
  17. Site visitshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/expert-sitevisits.htm
  18. The reporthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/expert-report.htm
  19. At courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/expert-court.htm
  20. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/status-intro.htm
  21. Contract of employmenthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/status-contract.htm
  22. Specific categories of workershttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/status-specific.htm
  23. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-intro.htm
  24. Partnershipshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-partner.htm
  25. Companieshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-companies.htm
  26. Joint ventureshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-ventures.htm
  27. Limited liability partnershipshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-liability.htm
  28. Other defendantshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-defendants.htm
  29. Prosecution of foreign defendantshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-foreign.htm
  30. Insolvencyhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-insolvency.htm
  31. Prosecution of individualshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-individual.htm
  32. Proceeding against employees HSWA s7https://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-employees.htm
  33. Proceeding against Crown employeeshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-crown.htm
  34. Proceedings against director, manager, secretary or other similar officerhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/identifying-directors.htm
  35. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-intro.htm
  36. The prosecution reporthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-report.htm
  37. Approval of a proposed prosecutionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-approval.htm
  38. Evidential stagehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-evidential.htm
  39. Public interest stagehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-public.htm
  40. Selection of charges and mode of trialhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-charges.htm
  41. Cautionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-cautions.htm
  42. Enforcement against Crown bodieshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-enforcement.htm
  43. Recording reasonshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/approving-recording.htm
  44. Pre-trialhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/index.htm
  45. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/preparing-intro.htm
  46. Drafting informationshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/preparing-drafting.htm
  47. Legal referenceshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/preparing-legal.htm
  48. Sample informationshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/preparing-informations.htm
  49. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-intro.htm
  50. Criminal procedure ruleshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-criminal.htm
  51. Jurisdictionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-jurisdiction.htm
  52. Informationshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-information.htm
  53. Summonshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-summons.htm
  54. Initial details of the prosecution casehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-advance.htm
  55. Information to assist the sentencing courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-sentencing.htm
  56. Preparation for guilty plea in the magistrates courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/procedure-preparation.htm
  57. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-intro.htm
  58. Written statementshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-written.htm
  59. Supplying statements to witnesseshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-witness.htm
  60. Supplying statements to the defencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-defence.htm
  61. Attendance of witnesseshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-attendance.htm
  62. Formal admissionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-formal.htm
  63. Production of documentshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-production.htm
  64. Defendant's antecedentshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/witness-defendant.htm
  65. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/after-intro.htm
  66. Key requirements of the CPIAhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/after-key.htm
  67. Investigations and relevant materialhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/after-investigations.htm
  68. Disclosure stageshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/after-disclosure.htm
  69. Preparing the scheduleshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/after-preparing.htm
  70. Approach to common categories of materialhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/pretrial/after-approach.htm
  71. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/index.htm
  72. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-intro.htm
  73. General principleshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-principles.htm
  74. Publicityhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-publicising.htm
  75. Information which may be disclosedhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-information.htm
  76. Sensitive caseshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-sensitive.htm
  77. Reporting committal proceedingshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-committal.htm
  78. Contempt of courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-contempt.htm
  79. Reporting and Publicity - Abuse of process at common lawhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-abuse.htm
  80. European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) considerationshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-echr.htm
  81. Reporting the trialhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-trial.htm
  82. Defamation: libel and slanderhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-defamation.htm
  83. Breach of confidencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-breach.htm
  84. Data protectionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-data.htm
  85. Reporting and publicity - Freedom of informationhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/reporting-foi.htm
  86. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-intro.htm
  87. Court procedurehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-courtprocedure.htm
  88. Plea before venue and allocationhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-mode.htm
  89. Discontinuing a prosecutionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-discontinue.htm
  90. The hearinghttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-hearing.htm
  91. Objections and adjournmentshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-objections.htm
  92. Contested cases - not guilty pleashttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/magistrates-contested.htm
  93. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/rules-intro.htm
  94. Trial processhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/rules-trial.htm
  95. Proving the offencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/rules-prove.htm
  96. Key rules of evidencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/rules-key.htm
  97. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/oral-intro.htm
  98. Witnesses giving evidence in courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/oral-witnesses.htm
  99. Exclusion of evidence in courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/oral-exclusion.htm
  100. Use of inadmissible confessionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/oral-confessions.htm
  101. Physical evidencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-intro.htm
  102. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-intro.htm
  103. Exhibiting evidencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-exhibiting.htm
  104. Public documentshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-public.htm
  105. Proof of convictionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-proof.htm
  106. Sound and videotape recordingshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-sound.htm
  107. Photographs, sketches and modelshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-photos.htm
  108. Maps and planshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-maps.htm
  109. Real evidence (material objects)https://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-real.htm
  110. Computer evidencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-computer.htm
  111. Expert reportshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-expert.htm
  112. Depositionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-depositions.htm
  113. Written witness statementshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-written.htm
  114. Records required by statutory provisionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-statutory.htm
  115. Continuityhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/physical-continuity.htm
  116. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/hearsay-intro.htm
  117. Rule against hearsayhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/hearsay-rule.htm
  118. Exceptions to the hearsay rulehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/hearsay-exceptions.htm
  119. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-intro.htm
  120. What is abuse of process?https://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-abuseprocess.htm
  121. Delayhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-delay.htm
  122. Double jeopardyhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-double.htm
  123. Breach of promisehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-breach.htm
  124. Loss of evidence / failure to disclose unused materialhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-loss.htm
  125. Investigative improprietyhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-investigative.htm
  126. Pre-trial publicityhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-pretrial.htm
  127. In magistrates' courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-abusemagistrates.htm
  128. Abuse of process in the Crown Courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-abusecrown.htm
  129. What to do if abuse is claimedhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-abuseclaimed.htm
  130. Recording decisionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/abuse-decisions.htm
  131. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/sentencing-intro.htm
  132. Preparing for sentencing hearingshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/sentencing-preparing.htm
  133. The sentencing hearing and imposing the sentence https://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/sentencing-hearing.htm
  134. Penaltieshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/sentencing-penalties.htm
  135. Costshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/sentencing-costs.htm
  136. Model exampleshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/sentencing-examples.htm
  137. Crown courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/crown-intro.htm
  138. Allocation Procedurehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/crown-committal.htm
  139. At the Crown Courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/crown-court.htm
  140. Committal for sentencehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/crown-sentence.htm
  141. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/appeals-intro.htm
  142. Prosecution rights of appealhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/appeals-prosecution.htm
  143. Defence rights of appealhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/appeals-defence.htm
  144. Rights of appeal for both partieshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/appeals-both.htm
  145. Appeals to European courtshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/court/appeals-european.htm
  146. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/index.htm
  147. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/notices-intro.htm
  148. Conditions for a valid noticehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/notices-conditions.htm
  149. Types of noticehttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/notices-types.htm
  150. Drafting noticeshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/notices-drafting.htm
  151. Service of noticeshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/notices-service.htm
  152. Failure to complyhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/notices-failure.htm
  153. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-intro.htm
  154. Employment tribunals - Jurisdiction of the tribunalhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-jurisdiction.htm
  155. Notice of appealhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-appeal.htm
  156. Preparation for the hearinghttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-preparation.htm
  157. Employment tribunal hearingshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-employment.htm
  158. Tribunal decisionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-tribunal.htm
  159. Challenging tribunal decisionshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/notices/tribunals-challenges.htm
  160. Overviewhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/wrdeaths/index.htm
  161. Introduction to the work related deaths sectionhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/wrdeaths/intro.htm
  162. Investigation of work related deathshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/wrdeaths/investigation.htm
  163. Coroner Inquestshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/wrdeaths/chronology.htm
  164. The coronerhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/wrdeaths/coroner.htm
  165. Enforcement guide Site maphttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/sitemap.htm
  166. procedure in courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/expert-court.htm
  167. Preparing evidence for courthttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/Enforcementguide/investigation/physical-preparing.htm
  168. Register of convictions and noticeshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/convictions.htm
  169. Enforcement policy statementhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/enforcepolicy.htm
  170. Enforcement management modelhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/assets/docs/emm.pdf
  171. List of Specialist Regulatory Advocateshttps://www.hse.gov.uk/enforce/assets/docs/regulatory-advocates.pdf

Glossary of abbreviations/acronyms on this page

CPIA
Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act

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Updated 2020-09-18